气压对巴伦台钻孔倾斜的影响特征及机制研究     

许璐  邢喜民 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(8):873-876

以巴伦台钻孔倾斜及分量应变辅助观测气压数据为研究对象，运用相关及小波分析研究气压对巴伦台钻孔倾斜的影响特征。结果表明，气压对巴伦台钻孔倾斜影响表现为准线性关系，对NS向的影响大于EW向。气压对NS向影响的显著频段有2 048～8 192、32 768～65 536 min，对EW向影响的显著频段为2 048～8 192 min。探讨了气压对巴伦台钻孔倾斜的影响机制。  相似文献   

威海沿岸海域潮汐特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

邹曙光  刘李钊 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(5):83-86

文章主要选取国家海洋局成山头海洋环境监测站1996—2016年的潮位、潮差月值资料,利用线性回归法,对威海沿岸海域近21年来的潮汐特征进行分析。结果表明:威海沿岸海域近21年的平均潮位、最高潮位、最低潮位、平均潮差、最大潮差整体上均呈上升的变化趋势,但气候倾向率各不相同,分别是2.57cm/(10a)、5.872cm/(10a)、4.137cm/(10a)、1.017cm/(10a)、2.604cm/(10a)。  相似文献   

基于 MODIS 数据的吐鲁番盆地 2001—2017 年 植被变化及水热组合影响分析          下载免费PDF全文

庞冉  王文 《干旱区地理》2020,43(5):1242-1252

中国西北干旱地区的气候变化及其对植被的影响一直备受关注。以地形特殊的吐鲁番盆 地为研究对象，利用实测气象站点数据、再分析气象格点数据以及 MODIS 卫星遥感植被指数，采用 趋势检验、线性回归、偏相关分析等方法，探究了该地区 2001—2017 年间的植被变化及其与水热组 合特征之间的关系。结果表明：（1）吐鲁番盆地降水量整体没有显著变化，但北部山区降水增长较 多，气温总体呈显著上升趋势，尤其是盆地底部中心区域增温较大。（2）全区域植被指数（NDVI）总 体呈极显著上升趋势，山区及中心区域 NDVI 增长率较大。（3）受水汽来源和日照时长的影响，吐鲁 番盆地周边山区高程 3 000 m 左右 NDVI 值最高，山区植被最好的坡向是西北坡。（4）吐鲁番盆地水 热组合复杂，水分条件是大部分地区植被生长的主要限制因素，降水与 NDVI 有较好的正相关，在 山区和荒漠区热量增加不利于植被生长，但中心区域受地下水和人类活动影响，水分的供给相对 稳定，热量增加利于植被生长。  相似文献   

2000—2015 年伊犁河谷植被覆盖时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙国军  李卫红  朱成刚  崔东  刘海军 《干旱区地理》2020,43(6):1551-1558

利用 2000—2015 年的 EOS／MODIS 数据，采用趋势分析、Hurst 指数、变异系数法对伊犁河 谷植被时空变化及未来趋势进行分析，结果显示：空间分布上，伊犁河谷植被覆盖度呈北部、南部、 东部偏高，西部、中部偏低的分布特征；时间变化上，2000—2015 年，伊犁河谷植被覆盖度波动减 小，减速为 6.25%·(10 a)^-1；区域分布上，伊犁河谷植被表现为低波动变化，波动程度中等以及下占 73.16%，波动程度高的区域占 26.84%。未来预测表明，伊犁河谷植被覆盖呈退化趋势，其中，持续 退化的面积占 57.55%，持续改善的面积占 13.51%。  相似文献   

基于高分辨率风场的海洋近惯性能通量计算——时空特征及其影响因素     

杨兵  侯一筠 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(5):978-990

基于高分辨率CFSR(climate forecast system reanalysis)风场资料、气候态海洋混合层厚度资料和卫星高度计海面高度异常资料,本文估计了大气风场向全球海洋混合层的近惯性能通量和近惯性能量输入功率,并探究了混合层厚度、风场时间分辨率、经验衰减系数和中尺度涡旋涡度对近惯性能通量和能量输入功率的影响。浮标实测风场和流速表明,本文所用的风场和阻尼平板模型可用于估计风场向全球海洋的近惯性能通量。本文计算得到的大气向全球海洋输入近惯性能量的功率为0.56TW(1TW=10~(12)W),其中北半球贡献0.22TW,南半球贡献0.34TW。在时间上,风场的近惯性能通量呈现各个半球冬季最强、夏季最弱的特征,这和西风带风场的季节变化有关。在空间上,近惯性能通量的高值海域为南、北半球西风带海洋,尤其是南大洋。混合层厚度和风场空间不均匀性使得西风带近惯性能通量呈现纬向变化,即海盆西部强于海盆东部。风场时间分辨率对近惯性能通量的估计至关重要,低时间分辨率风场对近惯性能通量的低估达到13%—30%。阻尼平板模型中的经验衰减系数对近惯性能通量估计的影响不超过5%。中尺度涡旋涡度仅改变近惯性能通量的空间分布,而对全球近惯性能量输入功率的影响可以忽略。  相似文献   

湖相介形类壳体微量元素在古环境重建中的应用     

姜高磊  刘林敬  毛欣 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2020,40(2):192-199

湖相介形类壳体微量元素(本文主要指Mg和Sr)是重建古环境的重要指标之一,可以定性或定量地反映湖水信息。自20世纪80年开始应用以来,经过30余年的发展取得了很大进展。在古环境重建过程中主要存在两类影响因素:(1)其宿生水体中M/Ca比值(M主要指Mg和Sr)的影响因素:季节变化、微环境差异和湖泊演化过程,这类因素通过对宿生水体中M/Ca比值来影响介形虫壳体中的M/Ca比值,进而造成古环境重建结果的误差增大或可靠性降低;(2)介形类壳体微量元素分配系数的影响因素:宿生水体中M/Ca比值、温度、碱度等,这类因素能够直接影响介形类壳体分泌、钙化的生命-化学过程的因素,是定量重建的重要影响因素。加强现代介形类生活习性和微量元素组成变化过程的研究可以消除或减小以上影响因素对古环境重建的影响,提高介形类壳体化石中微量元素组成在古环境重建研究中的精度和可靠性。  相似文献   

EC细网格对黔南州温度预报的订正研究          下载免费PDF全文

赵杰  陈波  莫乙冬  潘启学  顾欣 《中低纬山地气象》2022,46(1):79-85

该文采用EC细网格2 m温度预报场及国家站实况资料,通过滑动平均法、双权重滑动平均法、多项式拟合法以及最佳系数法对EC细网格2 m温度在黔南州的预报进行订正分析,结果显示:4种方法订正后最高气温7 d平均准确率分别提升了12.70%~17.84%,最低气温7 d平均准确率分别提升了1.14%~2.86%。对于高温预报,最佳系数法订正效果最优,其次是多项式拟合法,对于最低气温,前3 d采用滑动平均法订正效果最明显,第4 d开始则采用最佳系数法订正,订正效果更明显。4种订正方法均在7-9月效果最明显。黔南州西部及中部地区多项式拟合法订正效果更好,州东南部地区最佳系数法与滑动平均法订正效果更好,但在120 h时效后滑动平均法的订正效果明显下降,州北部地区最佳系数法订正效果更为明显。  相似文献   

Effects of Drag Coefficients on Surface Heat Flux during Typhoon Kalmaegi (2014)     

Lei LIU  Guihua WANG  Ze ZHANG  Huizan WANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(9):1501-1518

The lack of in situ observations and the uncertainties of the drag coefficient at high wind speeds result in limited understanding of heat flux through the air-sea interface and thus inaccurate estimation of typhoon intensity in numerical models. In this study, buoy observations and numerical simulations from an air-sea coupled model are used to assess the surface heat flux changes and impacts of the drag coefficient parameterization schemes on its simulations during the passage of Typhoon Kalmaegi (2014). Three drag coefficient schemes, which make the drag coefficient increase, level off, and decrease, respectively, are considered. The air-sea coupled model captured both trajectory and intensity changes better than the atmosphere-only model, though with relatively weaker sea surface cooling (SSC) compared to that captured by buoy observations, which led to relatively higher heat flux and thus a stronger typhoon. Different from previous studies, for a moderate typhoon, the coupled simulation with the increasing drag coefficient scheme outputted an intensity most consistent with the observation because of the strongest SSC, reasonable ratio of latent and sensible heat exchange coefficients, and an obvious reduction in the overestimated surface heat flux among all experiments. Results from sensitivity experiments showed that surface heat flux was significantly determined by the drag coefficient-induced SSC rather than the resulting wind speed changes. Only when SSC differs indistinctively (<0.4°C) between the coupled simulations, heat flux showed a weak positive correlation with the drag coefficient-impacted 10-m wind speed. The drag coefficient also played an important role in decreasing heat flux even a long time after the passage of Kalmaegi because of the continuous upwelling from deeper ocean layers driven by the impacted momentum flux through the air-sea interface.  相似文献   

Historical manufacturing volatility and local sustainability efforts: A link to the past     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

Renewed attention to the role of subnational efforts in addressing myriad environmental challenges necessitates a greater understanding of the factors associated with program adoption. Given observed relationships between adoption of sustainability practices and the presence of carbon-intensive industry, and separately the observed persistence of industrial history in a given place, we explore the link between historical manufacturing employment volatility and current sustainability plan adoption at the local level. Our analysis suggests that the magnitude of changes in manufacturing employment is inversely related to the likelihood of sustainability plan adoption. Our analysis further suggests that, given the same pace of change, counties with shrinking manufacturing employment are more likely to adopt sustainability plans than those with growing employment. Lastly, we find that the link between past industrial transitions and local sustainability commitment is moderated by local disaster experience and priority for environmental protection. Collectively, the findings also shed light on potential—and otherwise unobservable—barriers to transitions to sustainable practices at the local level. In particular, the inverse relationship between pace of employment change and plan adoption suggests that minimizing the rapidity of contemporary transitions may counterintuitively ease the eventual adoption of sustainability-related policies.  相似文献   

Navigating climate crises in the Great Barrier Reef     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

A dramatic escalation of extreme climate events is challenging the capacity of environmental governance regimes to sustain and improve ecosystem outcomes. It has been argued that actors within adaptive governance regimes can help to steer environmental systems toward sustainability in times of crisis. Yet there is little empirical evidence of how acute climate crises are navigated by actors operating within adaptive governance regimes, and the factors that influence their responses. Here, we qualitatively assessed the actions key governance actors took in response to back-to-back mass coral bleaching – an extreme climate event – of the Great Barrier Reef in 2016 and 2017, and explored their perceptions of barriers and catalysts to these responses. This research was, in part, a product of collaboration and knowledge co-production with Great Barrier Reef governance actors aimed at improving responses to climate crises in the region. We found five major categories of activity that actors engaged with in the wake of recurrent mass coral bleaching: assessing the scale and extent of bleaching, sharing information, communicating bleaching to the public, building local resilience, and addressing global threats. These actions were both catalyzed and hindered by a range of factors that fall within different domains of adaptive capacity; such as assets, social organization, and agency. We discuss the implications of our findings as they relate to existing research on adaptive capacity and adaptive governance. We conclude by coalescing insights from our interviews and a participant engagement process to highlight four key ways in which the ability of governance actors, and the Great Barrier Reef governance regime more broadly, can be better prepared for, and more effectively respond to extreme climate events. Our research provides empirical insight into how crises are experienced by governance actors in a large-scale environmental system, potentially providing lessons for similar systems across the globe.  相似文献